一，概述

FastDFS 是一个开源的高性能分布式文件系统（DFS）。 它的主要功能包括：文件存储，文件同步和文件访问，以及高容量和负载平衡。

FastDFS 系统有三个角色：跟踪服务器(Tracker Server)、存储服务器(Storage Server)和客户端(Client)。

Tracker Server: 跟踪服务器，主要做调度工作，起到均衡的作用；负责管理所有的storage server和group，每个storage在启动后会连接 Tracker，告知自己所属 group 等信息，并保持周期性心跳。多个Tracker之间是对等关系，不存在单点故障。

Storage Server: 存储服务器，主要提供容量和备份服务；以 group 为单位，每个 group 内可以有多台 storage server，组内的storage server上的数据互为备份。

Client:客户端，上传下载数据的服务器

模块之间的主要关系如下：

下图是实现统一的对外下载访问入口的高可用架构，其中所有的Nginx只做下载用途，上传通过tracker进行上传。

二、环境准备工作

三、安装过程

1， tracker

#安装编译环境

$ yum groups install Development Tools -y

$ yum install perl -y

$ mkdir /opt/fastdfs

$ mkdir /data/fastdfs

$ cd /opt/fastdfs #为下一步下载源码做准备

安装libfastcommon

#下载文件

$ wget https://github.com/happyfish100/libfastcommon/archive/V1.0.39.tar.gz

$ tar -zxvf libfastcommon-1.0.39.tar.gz

$ cd libfastcommon-1.0.39/

$ ./make.sh

$ ./make.sh install

安装FastDFS

wget https://github.com/happyfish100/fastdfs/archive/V5.11.tar.gz

$ tar -zxvf fastdfs-5.11.tar.gz

$ cd fastdfs-5.11/

$ ./make.sh

$ ./make.sh install

#配置文件准备

$ cp /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf.sample /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf #tracker节点 10.250.112.141/142

$ cp /etc/fdfs/storage.conf.sample /etc/fdfs/storage.conf #storage节点 10.250.112.143/144

$ cp /etc/fdfs/client.conf.sample /etc/fdfs/client.conf #客户端文件，测试用。10.250.112.141/142/143/144

$ cp /opt/fastdfs/fastdfs-5.11/conf/http.conf /etc/fdfs/ #供nginx访问使用 10.250.112.143/144

$ cp /opt/fastdfs/fastdfs-5.11/conf/mime.types /etc/fdfs/ #供nginx访问使用 10.250.112.143/144

tracker server配置:

$ vim /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf

#需要修改的内容如下

port=22122 # tracker服务器端口（默认22122,一般不修改）

base_path=/data/fastdfs # 存储日志和数据的根目录

#编辑启动文件

$ vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/fastdfs-tracker.service

[Unit]

Description=The FastDFS File server

After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]

Type=forking

ExecStart=/usr/bin/fdfs_trackerd /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf start

ExecStop=/usr/bin/fdfs_trackerd /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf stop

ExecRestart=/usr/bin/fdfs_trackerd /etc/fdfs/tracker.conf restart

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

$ systemctl daemon-reload

$ systemctl enable fastdfs-tracker.service #不一定成功，不过没关系

$ systemctl start fastdfs-tracker.service #不一定成功，不过没关系

$ netstat -tulnp #查看服务是否启动，端口是否打开

2， Storage

storage server配置

$ vim /etc/fdfs/storage.conf

#需要修改的内容如下

port=23000 # storage服务端口（默认23000,一般不修改）

base_path=/data/fastdfs # 数据和日志文件存储根目录

store_path0=/data/fastdfs # 第一个存储目录

tracker_server=10.250.112.141:22122 # tracker服务器IP和端口

tracker_server=10.250.112.142:22122 # tracker服务器IP和端口

http.server_port=8888 # http访问文件的端口(默认8888,看情况修改,和nginx中保持一致)

#编辑启动文件

$ vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/fastdfs-storage.service

[Unit]

Description=The FastDFS File server

After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target

[Service]

Type=forking

ExecStart=/usr/bin/fdfs_storaged /etc/fdfs/storage.conf start

ExecStop=/usr/bin/fdfs_storaged /etc/fdfs/storage.conf stop

ExecRestart=/usr/bin/fdfs_storaged /etc/fdfs/storage.conf restart

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

$ systemctl daemon-reload

$ systemctl enable fastdfs-storage.service

$ systemctl start fastdfs-storage.service

$ netstat -tulnp #查看服务是否启动，端口是否打开

#查看集群状态

$ fdfs_monitor /etc/fdfs/storage.conf list

Client配置

$ vim /etc/fdfs/client.conf

#需要修改的内容如下

base_path=/data/fastdfs

tracker_server=10.250.112.141:22122 # tracker服务器IP和端口

tracker_server=10.250.112.142:22122 # tracker服务器IP和端口

#保存后测试,返回ID表示成功 如：group1/M00/00/00/xx.tar.gz

$ fdfs_upload_file /etc/fdfs/client.conf testfile

3，安装nginx和fastdfs-nginx-module

在10.250.112.143和10.250.112.144上

下载nginx module

$ wget https://github.com/happyfish100/fastdfs-nginx-module/archive/V1.20.tar.gz

$ cp /opt/fastdfs/fastdfs-nginx-module-1.20/src/mod_fastdfs.conf /etc/fdfs

安装nginx

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz

$ tar -zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz

$ cd nginx-1.12.2/

$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx --sbin-path=/usr/local/nginx --modules-path=/usr/local/nginx/modules --conf-path=/usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf --error-log-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/error.log --http-log-path=/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log --http-client-body-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/client_body --http-proxy-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/proxy --http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/fastcgi --http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/uwsgi --http-scgi-temp-path=/var/lib/nginx/tmp/scgi --pid-path=/run/nginx.pid --lock-path=/run/lock/subsys/nginx --user=nginx --group=nginx --with-file-aio --with-http_auth_request_module --with-http_ssl_module --with-http_v2_module --with-http_realip_module --with-http_addition_module --with-http_xslt_module=dynamic --with-http_image_filter_module=dynamic --with-http_geoip_module=dynamic --with-http_sub_module --with-http_dav_module --with-http_flv_module --with-http_mp4_module --with-http_gunzip_module --with-http_gzip_static_module --with-http_random_index_module --with-http_secure_link_module --with-http_degradation_module --with-http_slice_module --with-http_stub_status_module --with-http_perl_module=dynamic --with-mail=dynamic --with-mail_ssl_module --with-pcre --with-pcre-jit --with-stream=dynamic --with-stream_ssl_module --with-google_perftools_module --with-debug --with-cc-opt='-O2 -g -pipe -Wall -Wp,-D_FORTIFY_SOURCE=2 -fexceptions -fstack-protector-strong --param=ssp-buffer-size=4 -grecord-gcc-switches -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-cc1 -m64 -mtune=generic' --with-ld-opt='-Wl,-z,relro -specs=/usr/lib/rpm/redhat/redhat-hardened-ld -Wl,-E' --add-module=/opt/fastdfs/fastdfs-nginx-module-1.20/src/

$ make

$ cp objs/nginx /usr/sbin/nginx

# 查看版本及编译参数

$ nginx -v

4，配置nginx

在10.250.112.143和10.250.112.144上

$ vim /etc/fdfs/mod_fastdfs.conf

#需要修改的内容如下

tracker_server=192.168.0.1:22122 # tracker服务器IP和端口

tracker_server=192.168.0.2:22122 # tracker服务器IP和端口

url_have_group_name=true

base_path=/data/fastdfs

store_path0=/data/fastdfs

$ vim /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

将原来内容去掉，改为下面的内容

worker_processes  1;

events {

    worker_connections  1024;

}

http {

    include       mime.types;

    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    sendfile        on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    server {

        listen       80;

        server_name  localhost;

        location / {

            root   html;

            index  index.html index.htm;

        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;

        location = /50x.html {

            root   html;

        }

    }

    server {

        listen 8888; ## 该端口为storage.conf中的http.server_port相同

        server_name localhost;

        location ~/group[0-9]/ {

            root /data/fastdfs;

            ngx_fastdfs_module;

        }

        error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;

        location = /50x.html {

            root html;

        }

    }

}

 

注意：1，启动nginx， 用whereis nginx定位nginx的位置，进到sbin目录，使用 ./nginx 启动。

           2，将用到的端口到防火墙中打开，命令如下

vi /etc/sysconfig/iptables

添加要开放的端口，如8888，9270，22122等用到的端口

service iptables restart 

注：

在nginx的构建中会遇到不少的报错，具体如下：

./configure: error: the Google perftools module requires the Google perftools library. You can either do not enable the module or install the library.

          解决方法如下：

$ yum install gperftools -y

/configure: error: the HTTP rewrite module requires the PCRE library.

解决方法如下：

$ yum -y install pcre pcre-devel

./configure: error: the HTTP cache module requires md5 functions from OpenSSL library. You can either disable the module by using --without-http-cache option, or install the OpenSSL library into the system, or build the OpenSSL library statically from the source with nginx by using --with-http_ssl_module --with-openssl= options.

解决方法如下：

$ yum -y install openssl openssl-devel

./configure: error: the HTTP gzip module requires the zlib library. You can either disable the module by using –without-http_gzip_module option, or install the zlib library into the system, or build the zlib library statically from the source with nginx by using –with-zlib= option.

解决方法如下：

$ yum install -y zlib-devel

./configure: error: the HTTP XSLT module requires the libxml2/libxslt libraries. You can either do not enable the module or install the libraries.

解决方法如下：

$ yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-dev

$ yum -y install libxslt-devel

./configure: error: the HTTP image filter module requires the GD library. You can either do not enable the module or install the libraries.

解决方法如下：

$ yum -y install gd-devel

./configure: error: perl module ExtUtils::Embed is required

解决方法如下：

$ yum -y install perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed

./configure: error: the GeoIP module requires the GeoIP library. You can either do not enable the module or install the library.

解决方法如下：

$ yum -y install GeoIP GeoIP-devel GeoIP-data

在make过程中会出现一个报错：/usr/include/fastdfs/fdfs_define.h:15:27: fatal error: common_define.h: No such file or directory

解决方法如下： 

修改fastdfs-nginx-module-1.20/src/config文件，修改如下：

ngx_module_incs="/usr/include/fastdfs /usr/include/fastcommon/"

CORE_INCS="$CORE_INCS /usr/include/fastdfs /usr/include/fastcommon/"

然后重新./configure && make，就可以了

5、配置文件访问的负载均衡和高可用

在10.250.112.145和10.250.112.146上安装nginx

wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz

$ tar -zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz

$ cd nginx-1.12.2/

$ ./configure

$ make

$ make install

安装keepalived

yum install -y nginx keepalived

nginx.conf配置文件如下

worker_processes  1;

events {

    worker_connections  1024;

}

http {

    include       mime.types;

    default_type  application/octet-stream;

    sendfile        on;

    #keepalive_timeout  0;

    keepalive_timeout  65;

    upstream fdfs_group {

        server 10.250.112.143:8888 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;

        server 10.250.112.144:8888 weight=1 max_fails=2 fail_timeout=30s;

    }

    server {

        listen 80;

        server_name localhost;

        location ~/group[0-9]/{

            proxy_next_upstream http_502 http_504 error timeout invalid_header;

            proxy_pass http://fdfs_group;

            expires 30d;

        }

    }

}

 

10.250.112.145 上keepalived配置文件如下：

global_defs {

router_id LVS_DEVEL

}

vrrp_script chk_ngx {

script "/etc/keepalived/check_nginx.sh"

interval 2

weight -5

fall 3

rise 2

}

vrrp_instance VI_1 {

interface eno16777984

state MASTER

priority 100

virtual_router_id 11

advert_int 1

authentication {

auth_type PASS

auth_pass 1111

}

unicast_src_ip 10.250.112.145

unicast_peer {

10.250.112.146

}

virtual_ipaddress {

10.250.112.145

}

track_script {

chk_ngx

}

notify_master "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh master"

notify_backup "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh backup"

notify_fault "/etc/keepalived/notify.sh fault"

}

新建一个check_nginx.sh文件，内容如下

#!/bin/bash

counter=$(ps -C nginx --no-heading|wc -l)

if [ "${counter}" = "0" ]; then

exit 1

else

exit 0

fi

到这里，所有的安装都完成了

在10.250.112.143上上传的图片就可以通过下面的路径访问了

http://10.250.112.143:8888/group1/M00/00/00/CvpwkF2BlAWAPEXTAAqPeqUITvA818.png

http://10.250.112.146/group1/M00/00/00/CvpwkF2BlAWAPEXTAAqPeqUITvA818.png

后面一种是做过负载均衡的。

 

四，代码层面使用FastDFS

建立maven工程，引入

<!-- 引入FastDFS -->

    <dependency>

        <groupId>net.oschina.zcx7878</groupId>

        <artifactId>fastdfs-client-java</artifactId>

        <version>1.27.0.0</version>

    </dependency>

上传文件

@Override

    public String upload(String fileName) {

        String filePath = getFilePrefix(finalFilePathPrefix);

        try {

//            读取本地conf文件配置时

            ClientGlobal.init("fdfs_client.conf");

//            读取apollo配置时

//            ClientGlobal.setG_connect_timeout(connectTimeout);

//            ClientGlobal.setG_network_timeout(networkTimeout);

//            ClientGlobal.setG_charset(charset);

//            ClientGlobal.setG_anti_steal_token(httpAntiStealToken);

//            ClientGlobal.setG_secret_key(httpSecretKey);

//            ClientGlobal.setG_tracker_http_port(httpTrackerPort);

//            String[] trackerServers = trackerServerIps.split("\\,");

//            InetSocketAddress[] tracker_servers = new InetSocketAddress[trackerServers.length];

//            for (int i = 0; i < trackerServers.length; i++) {

//              tracker_servers[i] = new InetSocketAddress(trackerServers[i].trim(), trackerServerPort);

//            }

//            TrackerGroup trackerGroup = new TrackerGroup(tracker_servers);

//            ClientGlobal.setG_tracker_group(trackerGroup);

            //获取client

            TrackerClient tracker = new TrackerClient();

            TrackerServer trackerServer = tracker.getConnection();

            StorageServer storageServer = null;

            StorageClient client = new StorageClient(trackerServer, storageServer);

            //上传文件

            NameValuePair[] metaList = new NameValuePair[1];

            metaList[0] = new NameValuePair("fileName", fileName);

            String results[] = client.upload_file(fileName, null, metaList);

            filePath = filePath + results[0]+"/"+results[1];

        } catch (IOException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        } catch (MyException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        }

        

        return filePath;

    }

下载文件

@Override

    public String download(String url, String localName) {

        if (StringUtil.isBlank(url)) {

            return "Fail";

        }

        String fileName = url.split("/"+groupName+"/")[1];

        try {

            ClientGlobal.setG_connect_timeout(connectTimeout);

            ClientGlobal.setG_network_timeout(networkTimeout);

            ClientGlobal.setG_charset(charset);

            ClientGlobal.setG_anti_steal_token(httpAntiStealToken);

            ClientGlobal.setG_secret_key(httpSecretKey);

            ClientGlobal.setG_tracker_http_port(httpTrackerPort);

            String trackerServers[] = trackerServerIps.split("\\,");

            InetSocketAddress[] tracker_servers = new InetSocketAddress[trackerServers.length];

            for (int i = 0; i < trackerServers.length; i++) {

              tracker_servers[i] = new InetSocketAddress(trackerServers[i].trim(), trackerServerPort);

            }

            TrackerGroup trackerGroup = new TrackerGroup(tracker_servers);

            ClientGlobal.setG_tracker_group(trackerGroup);

            //获取client

            TrackerClient tracker = new TrackerClient();

            TrackerServer trackerServer = tracker.getConnection();

            StorageServer storageServer = null;

            StorageClient client = new StorageClient(trackerServer, storageServer);

            //0表示下载成功

            int count = client.download_file(groupName, fileName,localName);

            System.out.println(count);

        } catch (IOException | MyException e) {

            e.printStackTrace();

        } 

        

        return "success";

    }

fdfs_client.conf 内容如下：

connect_timeout = 2

network_timeout = 30

charset = UTF-8

http.tracker_http_port = 8080

http.anti_steal_token = no

http.secret_key = FastDFS1234567890

tracker_server = 10.250.112.141:22122

tracker_server = 10.250.112.142:22122

 

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